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    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/9/24/neil-mitchell-awarded-state-repressioncom-scholar-of-attention</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/10/19/whats-driving-the-belarus-protests</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/5/14/initial-survey-findings-on-geopolitical-orientations-in-russias-near-abroad</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-05-14</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/5/14/the-social-and-political-consequences-of-covid-19nbsp</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/5/14/the-julie-norman-show-podcast</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/4/8/turkey-the-eu-and-the-middle-east-dr-suslers-new-book</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1586354215875-TPG5UG9HAP0G5NBW1A4A/9780367236137.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Turkey, the EU and the Middle East - Dr Susler's new book</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/3/24/dr-inken-von-borzyskowski-wins-apsa-section-best-article-award</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1585066955883-4YVVUKWU034P7I94E1PH/The_Review_of_International_Organizations_Cover.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Inken von Borzyskowski wins APSA Section Best Article Award - Hello, goodbye: When do states withdraw from international organizations?</image:title>
      <image:caption>Under what conditions do states withdraw from intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)? Recent events such as Brexit, the US withdrawal from UNESCO, and US threats to withdraw from NAFTA, NATO, and the World Trade Organization have triggered widespread concern because they appear to signify a backlash against international organizations. Some observers attribute this recent surge to increasing nationalism. But does this explanation hold up as a more general explanation for IGO withdrawals across time and space? Despite many studies of why states join IGOs, we know surprisingly little about when and why states exit IGOs. We use research on IGO accession to derive potential explanations for IGO withdrawal related to domestic politics, IGO characteristics, and geo-politics. We quantitatively test these potential explanations for withdrawal using an original dataset of 493 IGOs since 1945, documenting about 200 cases of withdrawal. We find that nationalism is not the key driver of IGO withdrawals in the past. Instead, we show that geo-political factors – such as preference divergence and contagion – are the main factors linked to IGO withdrawals, followed by democracy levels in the country and organization. These findings have important implications for research on the vitality of international organizations, compliance, and the liberal world order.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/3/9/blow-by-blow-account-political-turbulence-workshop-2020</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/2/27/phd-workshop-same-again-in-2021-please</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1582806064289-H3E8LDJVSG3Y4QQ5GAOA/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - PhD Workshop: New Format, Same Success</image:title>
      <image:caption>Andreas Juon captivating the crowd with his presentation of Say my Name: The Effect of Titular vs. Non-titular Status on Communal Violence in Ethiopia.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2020/2/10/dr-vogts-book-launch-at-university-of-amsterdam</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1581343318672-62R3YB0S38XQP96IKUNK/9780190065874.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Manuel Vogt's Book Launch at University of Amsterdam</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/10/16/phd-workshop-february-2020-call-for-papers</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1571236293758-6L54ZDSK6SUZOPO18PF5/hong_kong.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - PhD Workshop - February 2020 - Call for Papers - PhD Workshop 2020 edition</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1571234172486-TM4WPFENV3G92PGTOJKM/Blank-White-square-thumbnail.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - PhD Workshop - February 2020 - Call for Papers</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1571233885094-BGHPM405JYX4ILF8WTQK/both_logos.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - PhD Workshop - February 2020 - Call for Papers</image:title>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1571233894151-IZKJ5VMMVT266A5L0UJ1/GGI_logo.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - PhD Workshop - February 2020 - Call for Papers</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/9/26/mobilization-and-conflict-in-multiethnic-states-dr-vogts-new-book</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1569487526699-82UYXYADLLT4GYG79DHK/9780190065874.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Mobilization and Conflict in Multiethnic States - Dr Vogt's new book</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/9/26/zeynep-bulutgil-in-the-journal-of-global-security-studies</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1569481801661-P8MQT5DMVL8MCNUA7CSF/20573189.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Updates: Zeynep Bulutgil - Prewar Domestic Conditions and Civilians in War</image:title>
      <image:caption>Abstract: In the past fifteen years, the study of civilians in war (i.e., violence against civilians as well as civilian strategies for survival during wars) has emerged as a research agenda separate from the study of the causes of wars. Up to now, this research agenda has largely been dominated by studies that emphasize the military balance of power or the nature of material resources available to the fighting parties. The books under review in this article push the literature on civilians in war significantly forward by focusing on prewar social, political, and institutional factors. Based on the findings of the books, this review essay identifies three such factors. First, the organizational skills that civilian leaders develop in the prewar period shape resistance against military actors during wars. Second, political party affiliation, revealed through prewar elections, influences the patterns of violence against civilians during wars. Finally, the dominant state ideology that precedes wars can impact both civilian victimization and the extent to which civilians can evade such violence. The article both assesses the books’ contributions and offers ways in which these contributions can be refined by future research. Read more.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/8/26/updates-dr-melanie-garson</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1566835121949-4ZKSQXGMCN6T7PHUCMK6/Ethnopolitics</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Updates: Melanie Garson - Defying Gravity: Evaluating the Trickle-Up Effects of Reconciliation Programmes</image:title>
      <image:caption>The process by which grassroots reconciliation activities facilitate change in individual conflict identities gravitating upwards to shape other levels of society is often under-explained. In most aspects of the peacebuilding process impact is measured downwards, but reconciliation usually starts with micro-level attitudinal shifts rather than large-scale societal change. Yet, successful conflict resolution and reconciliation depends upon significant mass support. Therefore, the long-term success of reconciliation programmes lies in the paradoxical process of these individual changes simultaneously sinking into the heart of post-conflict societies, whilst rising to effect institutional change. Isolated group shifts need to both ripple outwards and trickle-upwards to shape decision-making processes and affect the course of the conflict. In order to evaluate the potential of reconciliation rippling and rising to transform conflict identities from the individual to society at large and above, the author draws upon a unique collection of surveys and interviews of alumni of reconciliation activities and reconciliation entrepreneurs in Israel-Palestine and Bosnia. The outcome of this research contributes to understanding the dynamic that facilitates the trickle-up effect of reconciliation, as well as providing practitioners with an evaluation mechanism to assess the impact of grassroots reconciliation programmes through its constituency building potential.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/7/13/dr-cronin-furman-speaks-out-against-us-migrant-detention-centers</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/6/10/8m0rlrtfe29p3okki7fp0bhna59fzs</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/6/10/what-happened-in-sri-lanka-by-dr-kate-cronin-furman</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/3/30/dr-vogt-speaks-at-university-of-el-salvador</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1553957551983-9YIQD54R7Z0VBMD5DI32/Vogt_El_Salvador</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Manuel Vogt presents parts of his forthcoming book at University of El Salvador</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/1/31/the-conversation-why-changing-the-good-friday-agreement-because-of-brexit-is-such-a-dangerous-idea</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1548931137385-CTM684DPJB3OB64O9C2W/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - The Conversation: "Why changing the Good Friday Agreement because of Brexit is such a dangerous idea"</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2019/1/31/conflict-amp-change-at-policy-amp-practice-political-violence-in-a-new-global-order</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1548930681211-42VQL2DIFOT4FE1LQX8B/IMG_7911.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Conflict &amp;amp; Change at Policy &amp;amp; Practice: Political violence in a new global order</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/12/14/presentation-at-the-university-of-birmingham</loc>
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    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:title>News - Presentation at the University of Birmingham</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/12/13/student-panel-discussion-on-the-conflict-in-the-donbass-region</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1544727130461-YUN9KJZAA7P3YASRBJ1D/20181213_091909.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Student panel discussion on the conflict in the Donbass region</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1544726891457-CNNOMVH2EL69LSH5YWF8/20181213_093050.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Student panel discussion on the conflict in the Donbass region</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1544726900325-D0XPG009GU6BCIF3WNSI/20181213_093124.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Student panel discussion on the conflict in the Donbass region</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/12/14/successful-phd-upgrades</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1544807999123-5CABTAD2ADW7P6T4EFOF/20171018_174213.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Successful PhD upgrades</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/12/7/the-responsibility-to-protect-time-to-move-on</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1544705662368-U101MI61S92UCQTGCSGR/screen_shot_2018-12-13_at_09.23.31+%281%29.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - The Responsibility to Protect: Time to move on?</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/12/14/presentation-at-lses-security-amp-statecraft-workshop</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1544807674968-MUNL7ML41GN1YFTBI2SE/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Presentation at LSE’s Security &amp;amp; Statecraft workshop</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/12/14/isq-article-on-deploying-justice</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1544807482710-K7DA52VM646NP0DA6PXY/CreditCreditEdel%2BRodriguez</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - ISQ article on “Deploying Justice”</image:title>
      <image:caption>Credit: Edel Rodriguez</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/11/6/kate-cronin-furman-in-foreign-policy</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:title>News - Kate Cronin-Furman in Foreign Policy</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/23/cheaters-dilemma-disarming-iraq-after-the-gulf-war</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-03-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1540286830348-DRIU5K1AM84TPMQ61E23/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Cheater's Dilemma: Disarming Iraq after the Gulf War</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/19/full-house-for-screening-of-a-mother-brings-her-son-to-be-shot</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-19</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1539942563549-86VMTVDAEB2B9FGIZT6D/00109a99-614.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News - Full house for "A Mother Brings Her Son To Be Shot"</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/19/betel-b-birhanu-dr-betel-b-birhanu</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-19</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/4/nfx442fe7js8w99gmgzzs2yn5tdxgc</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-25</lastmod>
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      <image:title>News - Call for Papers</image:title>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/3/manuel-vogt-teaches-short-course-on-comparative-politics-at-unah-honduras</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-15</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/4/manuel-vogt-speaks-at-guatemalas-foreign-ministry</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-15</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/4/workshop-on-conflict-and-governance-working-with-informal-institutions-during-and-after-war</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-15</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/11/nils-metternich-on-the-science-behind-why-we-fight-podcast</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-15</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/11/hannah-schmidt-wins-dina-zinnes-award</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-11</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/11/seminar-by-erik-gartzke-university-of-california-san-diego</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-11</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/10/11/workshop-on-democracy-and-diversity-in-guatemala-city</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-11</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2018/2/1/ethnic-stratification-and-the-equilibrium-of-inequality-ethnic-conflict-in-postcolonial-states-international-organization</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-11</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2017/11/29/seminar-by-carlo-koos-university-of-konstanz</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-10-11</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.conflictandchange.org/news1111/2017/10/25/workshop-on-institutions-in-conflicted-and-fragile-states</loc>
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      <image:title>Team - Dr. Rodwan Abouharb</image:title>
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    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1603108066768-WEMCUH3MJECZXZY85TJN/rodwan_abouharb.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Team - Dr. Rodwan Abouharb</image:title>
      <image:caption>Associate Professor</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Team - Dr. Johanna Amaya-Panche</image:title>
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    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1665665486552-1RA9LIHEYX0K55SCRK5O/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Team - Prof. Phillip M. Ayoub</image:title>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Team - Prof. Kristin M. Bakke</image:title>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4ce74b9144925687f967a/1603095237070-S5LGK7UF272C9OHKWYQF/jennifer_hodge.jpeg</image:loc>
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    <image:image>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Team - Dr. Daniel Schulte</image:title>
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      <image:title>news_articles - The fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh is about local territories and wider rivalries</image:title>
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      <image:title>PhD workshop - call for papers - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Programme</image:title>
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